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Vol. 290, Issue 1, 136-145, July 1999
Department of Pharmacology, Institut Municipal
d'Investigació Mèdica, Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
The cardiovascular and neuroendocrine effects and pharmacokinetics of
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") were assessed
in a double-blind, randomized, crossover, and controlled (placebo and
amphetamine) clinical trial. Eight men with experience in the
recreational use of MDMA participated in four 10-h experimental sessions with a 1-week washout period. Single oral doses of 125 mg and
75 mg of MDMA, 40 mg of amphetamine, and placebo were given. Both MDMA
doses significantly increased blood pressure (increases of 40 mm Hg in
systolic blood pressure), heart rate (increases of 30 beats/min), and
pupillary diameter (mydriasis) as compared with placebo. Oral
temperature did not show significant changes in any drug-active
condition. Plasma cortisol levels showed a statistically significant
increase after MDMA administration. Prolactin levels only increased
after high dose of MDMA. Cmax values for
125-mg and 75-mg MDMA doses were 236.4 and 130.9 ng/ml, and
Tmax was observed at 2.4 and 1.8 h,
respectively. Elimination half-life was 8.6 h and 7.7 h for
high and low MDMA doses, respectively. Amphetamine half-life was
15 h. Between 8 and 9% of the doses of MDMA appeared in plasma in
the form of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine. The important cardiovascular
effects observed after MDMA administration in laboratory conditions at
rest (increases of 40 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure and 30 beats/min
in pulse rate) could be relevant in terms of toxicity in real-life
conditions (e.g., crowded places and physical activity).
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